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The mosque Bibi-Khanym Mosque ((ペルシア語:مسجد بی بی خانم); (ウズベク語:Bibi-Xonum machiti); (ロシア語: Мечеть Бибиханым); also: ... Khanom / Hanum / Chanym / Hanim, etc.) is one of the most important monuments of Samarkand. In the 15th century it was one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world. By the mid-20th century only a grandiose ruin of it was survived, but now major parts of the mosque have been restored. == History == After his Indian campaign〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Bibi-Khanym mosque )〕 in 1399 Timur decided to undertake the construction of a gigantic mosque in his new capital, Samarkand. The mosque was built using wealth looted during his conquest of India. When Timur had returned from his military campaign in 1404 the mosque was almost completed. However Timur was not happy with the progress of construction, therefore he had immediately made various changes, especially concerning the main cupola.〔Зохидов, Пўлат: Темур даврининг меъморий кахкашони. Тошкент: Шарқ 1966. (Pulat: Architectural glories of Temur’s era. Tashkent: Sharq 1996. ) p. 58〕 From the beginning of the construction, problems of statistical regularity of the structure revealed themselves. Various reconstructions and reinforcements were undertaken in order to save the mosque. However, after few years the first bricks had begun to fall out of the huge dome over the mihrab.〔Самарканд. Бухара. Галина Пугаченкова. «Искусство» 1968 г. p. 30〕 It forced Timur to retaliate often beyond the structural rules. His builders were certainly aware of that, however he didn't want to accept their opinion and reality. Late 16th century the Abdullah Khan II (Abdollah Khan Ozbeg) (1533/4-1598), who was the last Shaybanid Dynasty Khan of Bukhara, from 1583 until his death, had cancelled all restoration works in Bibi Khonym Mosque.〔Зохидов, Пўлат: Темур даврининг меъморий кахкашони. Тошкент: Шарқ 1966. (Pulat: Architectural glories of Temur’s era. Tashkent: Sharq 1996. ) p. 59〕 After that, the mosque came down and became a ruins gnawing at the wind, weather and earthquakes. The inner arch of the portal construction was collapsed in 1897.〔Зохидов, Пўлат: Темур даврининг меъморий кахкашони. Тошкент: Шарқ 1966. (Pulat: Architectural glories of Temur’s era. Tashkent: Sharq 1996. ) p. 57〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Bibi Khanym Mosque )〕 During the centuries the ruins were plundered by the inhabitants of Samarkand in search of building material especially the brick of masonry galleries along with the marble columns. A first basic investigation and securing the ruins was made in Soviet times. Late 20-th century the Uzbek government began with the restoration of three dome buildings and the Main portal. In 1974 the government of the then-Uzbek SSR began the komplex reconstruction of the mosque. The decoration of domes and facades was extensively restored and supplemented. Work on the mosque restoration last up till now. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bibi-Khanym Mosque」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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